While social media is not the only cause for significant beliefs in conspiracy theories in Ireland, it certainly helps them spread more easily. 

That’s according to Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Society Director Dr Ruth Freeman following a survey about conspiracies from the Electoral Commission (EC). 

The EC survey found 10% of Irish people believe the theory “a small, secret group of people is responsible for making all major decisions in world politics” is “definitely true”, while 24% said it is “probably true”. 

A further 28% also said it is definitely or probably true that “groups of scientists manipulate, fabricate or suppress evidence in order to deceive the public”. 

Dr Freeman told Newstalk Breakfast compared to other countries, Ireland is “somewhere in the middle” for conspiracy theory belief. 

“In countries with very high levels of corruption, in some African countries, this can be up to 70 or 80% of people will believe a [conspiracy] theory,” she said. 

“Then if you take a country like Denmark, it will be down in the very low levels. 

“So, we're probably sitting about average in terms of belief in this kind of idea, which again, is kind of worrying.” 

Conspiracy theories on social media

Dr Freeman said the level of belief shouldn’t be wholly attributed to social media without “definitive data”, but online spaces certainly encourage conspiracy theories. 

“It's this idea that you can continue to affirm your bias, or you can be in an echo chamber,” she said. 

“Of course, conspiracy theories aren't new, but social media does provide a way for people to connect much more easily with information that will reinforce what they believe. 

“It's likely that it is making those beliefs stronger.” 

'Vaccinating' against conspiracies

It is “incredibly difficult” to change someone’s beliefs once they’re set, according to Dr Freeman, so the main goal is “vaccinating” people before they form those beliefs. 

“You get people before and give them balanced information,” she said. “Balanced information coming from experts and trusted sources, teaching people critical thinking from early ages.” 

The EC survey also found 69% of Irish people agree that “most people who run for office are generally interested in their own importance, power and the perks of office”. 

A further 59% agree that “most politicians only care about the interests of the rich and powerful”.