1100 ”“ Henry I is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.

1305 ”“ William Wallace, who led the Scottish resistance against England, is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London where he is put on trial and executed.

1583 ”“ Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes the first English colony in North America, at what is now St John’s, Newfoundland.

1620 ”“ The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England on its first attempt to reach North America.

1735 ”“ Freedom of the press: New York Weekly Journal writer John Peter Zenger is acquitted of seditious libel against the royal governor of New York, on the basis that what he had published was true.

1763 ”“ Pontiac’s War: Battle of Bushy Run ”“ British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac’s Indians at Bushy Run.

1772 ”“ The First Partition of Poland begins.

1858 ”“ Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month.

1860 ”“ Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

1861 ”“ American Civil War: in order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872).

1861 ”“ The United States Army abolishes flogging..

1870 ”“ Franco-Prussian War: the Battle of Spicheren is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory.

1874 ”“ Japan launches its postal savings system, modelled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.

1884 ”“ The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe’s Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor.

1901 ”“ Peter O’Connor sets the first IAAF recognised long jump world record of 24 ft 11.75 in (7.6137 m) The record will stand for 20 years.

1906 ”“ John Huston, American director (d. 1987) was born

1911 ”“ Robert Taylor, American actor (d. 1969) was born

1914 ”“ In Cleveland, Ohio, the first electric traffic light is installed.

1916 ”“ World War I: Battle of Romani ”“ Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai Peninsula.

1918 ”“ Tom Drake, American actor (d. 1982) was born

1930 ”“ Neil Armstrong, American astronaut was born

1934 ”“ Gay Byrne, Irish broadcaster was born

1935 ”“ John Saxon, American actor was born

1937 ”“ Brian G. Marsden, British astronomer (d. 2010) was born

1940 ”“ World War II: the Soviet Union formally annexes Latvia.

1941 ”“ Bob Clark, American film director (d. 2007) was born

1941 ”“ Leonid Kizim, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2010) was born

1944 ”“ World War II: possibly the biggest prison breakout in history occurs as 545 Japanese POWs attempt to escape outside the town of Cowra, New South Wales, Australia.

1944 ”“ World War II: The Nazis begin a three-day massacre of anywhere between 40,000 and 100,000 civilians and prisoners of war in Wola, Poland.

1946 ”“ Loni Anderson, American actress was born

1946 ”“ Ron Silliman, American poet was born

1949 ”“ In Ecuador, an earthquake destroys 50 towns and kills more than 6,000.

1952 ”“ Louis Walsh, Irish music manager was born

1955 ”“ Eddie Ojeda, guitarist for Twisted Sister was born

1959 ”“ Pete Burns, English singer (Dead or Alive) was born

1960 ”“ Burkina Faso, then known as Upper Volta, becomes independent from France.

1962 ”“ Nelson Mandela is jailed. He would not be released until 1990.

1963 ”“ The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.

1964 ”“ Adam Yauch, American rapper (Beastie Boys) (d. 2012) was born

1965 ”“ Motoi Sakuraba, Japanese composer was born

1965 ”“ Jeff Coffin, American jazz and alternative rock musician was born

1966 ”“ Jonathan Silverman, American actor was born

1969 ”“ Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars (3,524 kilometers).

1974 ”“ Vietnam War: the U.S. Congress places a $1 billion dollar limit on military aid to South Vietnam.

1975 ”“ Ami Foster, American actress was born

1975 ”“ Dan Hipgrave, British musician, freelance journalist, and businessman was born

1979 ”“ David Healy, Northern Irish footballer was born

1980 ”“ Wayne Bridge, English footballer was born

1981 ”“ Ronald Reagan fires 11,359 striking air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work.

1982 ”“ Jamie Houston, English/German rugby player was born

1988 ”“ Kendra Spears, American model was born

1989 ”“ Mathieu Manset, French footballer was born

1997 ”“ Adam Irigoyen, American actor

1997 ”“ Olivia Holt, American actress was born

2003 ”“ A car bomb explodes in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta outside the Marriott Hotel killing 12 and injuring 150.

2010 Copiapó mining accident occurs, trapping 33 Chilean miners approximately 2,300 ft (700 m) below the ground.